TUGAS 1
BAHaSA
INGGRIS BISNIS
Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentence merupakan
kalimat pengandaian yang terdiri dari IF CLAUSE (anak kalimat) berfungsi
sebagai syarat, dan MAIN CLAUSE (induk kalimat) yang menunjukan suatu hasil
apabila syarat itu terpenuhi.
Examples:
|
If she comes here, I will give her a flower
If clause main clause
|
Jenis conditional sentence terdiri
dari tiga bentuk, diantaranya yaitu:
A. Conditional
Sentence Type 1 (Probable Condition)
Type ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan
sesuatu hal yang mungkin terjadi di waktu yang akan datang. Condition type 1
dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple
present tense) dan main clause (dalam simple
future tense).
|
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT, SUBJECT + WILL +
INFINITIVE
|
Examples:
·
If
I we invite them, they will come.
·
If
he has enough money, he will buy a novel.
·
If
I have free time, I will help you.
Jika mengubah pola kalimat
positif diatas menjadi kalimat negatif, maka menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu mungkin
tidak akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
|
IF + NEGATIVE SIMPLE PRESENT, SUBJECT
+
WILL NOT + INFINITIVE
|
Examples:
·
If
I we don’t invite them, they will not come.
·
If
he doesn’t has enough money, he will not buy a novel.
·
If
I don’t have free time, I will not help you.
Notes:
Bentuk negatif dari
conjunction “IF” yaitu unless atau If not.
Bentuk negatif dari “WILL”
yaitu will not atau won’t.
Suatu
kemungkinan (possibility), izin (permission), dan kepastian (certainty) dapat diutarakan dengan
menggunakan:
|
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT, SUBJECT + CAN /
MAY / MUST +
INFINITIVE
|
Examples:
·
If
you leave now, you will arrive in time.
(certain result – hasil tertentu)
·
If
she starts now, she may arrive in time.
(possibility
– kemungkinan)
·
If
he is in a hurry, he can use my car.
(permission
– izin)
B. Conditional
Sentence Type 2 (Present Unreal)
Type ini digunakan untuk
menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di
waktu sekarang.
|
IF + SUBJECT + SIMPLE PAST, SUBJECT +
WOULD / COULD /
MIGHT + INFINITIVE
|
Examples:
·
If
I had a plane, I would go around the world !
(faktanya: I don’t have a plane,
so I don’t go around the world).
·
If
I could speak English well, Iwould apply for a job.
(faktanya: I cannot speak
English well. I will not apply for a job).
Conditional sentence type 2 ini
juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang tidak diharapkan di waktu sekarang.
Examples:
·
If
a robber came into my house, would throw
a knife at him.
·
If
the crazy man chased me, I would ran away.
·
If
he wanted to kill me, I would report him to a police.
If + Were, Would
“Were” digunakan sebagai ganti “was”
sesudah semua subjek dan menunjukkan sesuatu yang formal atau untuk menunjukkan
suatu keraguan (doubt) dan untuk
membayangkan sesuatu.
|
Singular
:
If I were
If you were
If she were
If he were
If it were
|
Plural
:
If we were
If you were
If they were
|
Examples:
·
If
I were sick, I would stay home today.
·
If
he were in Solo today, he would come to my house.
If
+ Simple Past
dapat
diikuti might atau could untuk menunjukkan kemungkinan (possibility), kemampuan (ability), kepastian (certainty) atau izin (permission) dimasa lampau.
Examples:
·
If
you tried again, you would succeed. (certainty)
·
If
you tried again, you might succeed. (possibility)
·
If
it stopped raining, we could go out. (ability)
C. Conditional
Sentence Type 3 (Past Unreal)
Type
ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu penyesalan atau tentang sesuatu yang
tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi di waktu sekarang.
|
IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT, WOULD /
COULD /
MIGHT + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
|
·
If
you had gone by car, you would have arrived in Solo.
·
If
you had studied English seriously, you would have spoken English well.
·
If
she had tried harder, she would have been successful.
Condition
type 3 juga dapat digunakan dengan menepakan “had” di depan kalimat. Bentuk ini
adalah yang paling lazim digunakan.
|
IF + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE,
SUBJECT +
WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
|
·
Had
I known you were not there, I would not have come.
·
Had
I met him at the airport, I would have given your letter.
·
Had
he found the right buyer, he would have sold the car.
SOURCE:
Danny R. Cyssco. English
Grammar Practice For TOEFL Preparation Test.
Penerbit: Puspa Swara.
Danny R. Cyssco. 2007. Kumpulan
Pola & Intisari Bahasa Inggris untuk
SMA. Penerbit: Puspa Swara.
R. Maas Shobirin. 2008. Cara
Mudah Belajar Basic English Grammar.
Jakarta. Penerbit: PT Tangga Pustaka.
Silvester Goridus Sukur. 2009. Cepat Tuntas Kuasai Bahasa Inggris untuk
SMA/ MA Kelas XII. Yogyakarta.
Penerbit: Indonesia Cerdas.
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